The introduction of Longan Plants, Fruits Market Potential, Potential and Opportunities Agribusiness Lychee, Longan Region of Origin and Spread
Plant introduction Longan
Litchi plants carefully introduction beneficial to increase the love in handling and conserving these plants wisely. This chapter discusses the origin and spread of plant longan. taxonomy and morphology, as well as the types and varieties of litchi.
Region of Origin and Spread
Historically, the area of origin litchi crop is mainland China and Indo-Malaya, which includes the Indo-China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Most botanists and agricultural states that plants that are close relatives of the rambutan is derived from India. However, Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet botanist, ensure that the origin centrum litchi crop is China. whereas the Indo-Malayan origin centrum rambutan and pulasan.
From the region of origin, litchi crop spread to many countries in the world. In Thailand, litchi plants were first introduced in 1896 by immigrants from China and presented to Queen Dararusmi during the reign of Rama V. The first planting is done in Trougchan (now Bangkok) and in Chiangmai. Currently, countries that develop litchi plants include Thailand, Vietnam. China. Malaysia, and Indonesia. From some of the producing countries, litchi Thailand currently dominate the world market.
It is estimated, litchi plants into Indonesia in the XVIII century. Sentium litchi producer in Indonesia is Ambarawa, Temanggung,
Tropical Indonesia is rich in various kinds of fruit. Development of agribusiness fruits have great opportunities to increasekan pendapalan farmers, regions, and countries.
Fruits Market Potential
One of the principles is a market-oriented agribusiness. Indonesia fruit market is still wide open at home and abroad. However, this opportunity has not been used optimally. To be able to meet the domestic market opportunities and seize the overseas markets, Indonesia should strive to increase the production of high quality fruit at a price that is competitive and continuously available.
The potential market is closely related to the number of inhabitants as consumer. Estimates of the total population in Indonesia by the end of 2003.2008, 2011, and 2018 respectively was 225.2 million, 341.1 million, 257.2 million and 276.4 million. Population growth will affect the increase in demand for fruits. In the years 2000-2005 the increase in demand for fruits in Indonesia is estimated at 6.5% per year, in the years 2005-2010 increased to 6.8% per year, and in 2010-2015 to 6.9% per year.
Consumption of fruits Indonesia in 2001 reached ± 35 kg / capita / year, while the consumption of fruits recommended FAO's nutritional adequacy was equal to 60 kg / capita / year. Ter-finished gap between production and consumption of these fruits is due to the production of fruits in Indonesia is still low, ranging from 2.8 to 16.7 tons / ha or an average of 8.5 tons / ha.
On the other hand, the consumption of fruit that is low is also caused by tradition does not like to eat fruit, lack of awareness of the importance of nutrition, and income that has not been possible to buy fruit. Although the fruit plants are widespread throughout the region, but consumers of fruits new powerful ranged between 9.5% -26.1%, 9.5% in cities and 16.6% in rural areas.
Strong purchasing power of the fruits are in the city especially the big cities such as Medan, Surabaya, and Jakarta. Therefore, absorption of the highest fruits are large cities. Consumers in large cities require high quality requirements that arise supermarkets that prefer high quality fruits or known by the name of the consumer market. By contrast, in small towns and villages, because the relatively low purchasing power of the population, they are more satisfied to buy the fruits that can meet the needs of the whole family at a low price, despite its lower quality.
In terms of quality is very important because there is a tendency that with the increase in revenue (income) community, increasingly lead to the consumer market. Therefore, it is not surprising that consumers prefer imported fruit because they were considered higher quality.
Fruit production in the country is still low and the quality is not yet meet consumer tastes stimulate fruit imports from abroad. Indonesian fruit imports tend to increase from year to year. To cope with the import and export market encourages fruit in Indonesia, should efforts to increase production and quality of the fruit in the country quickly. This is only possible by opening new land to plant fruits that have high economic value. Increased production of fruits in the country will be able to meet the nutritional needs of society, suppress or stop the importation of fruits, as well as increasing farmers' income.
Neighboring country which is a result of Indonesian horticultural markets are Hong Kong, Penang, Singapore and Sabah. Market opportunities tropical fruit fresh and dried to various countries around the world including Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden , Switzerland, Trinidad, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Potential and Opportunities Agribusiness Leci
Tropical fruits in Europe came from Israel, the Philippines and Egypt. Indonesia has yet to take a role in the capture of the market, whereas in our country there are many types of fruit that is 2-3 times a year, which is not possible in other countries. One type of commercial fruit that has not been cultivated in scale agribusiness is lychee.
Lychee crop agribusiness development needs to consider several factors as follows.
Ecology local area: rainfall, state of ground water, humidity, air temperature, altitude from sea level, and the eye-rays today.
Marketing: consumer, consumer distance to manufacturers, transportation, storage facility before it can be marketed, and the possibility of processing.
Selection of types and varieties of lychee that matches the local site and the purpose of planting: for table fruit or processed materials, the domestic market or abroad, and so on.
Lychees or leci (lychee) including exotic fruit or fruit typical of the tropics. European Community recognize exotic fruits since Columbus menemu-kan in continental America's bananas. At first, exotic fruit known European society is kiwi fruit, mango and lychee. However, today many varieties of exotic fruit known and popular society in the world.
In Thailand, lychee included in 17 types of commercial fruit that has significance in the economy of the country. Lychee crop in Thailand is not less than 8,200 hectares with a production of 14,200 tons / year. No wonder that Thailand now has developed a variety of high-yielding varieties of lychee to the export market.
In Indonesia, lychee crops not widely known, even though the plant was already there since the Dutch era. Lychee producing areas among others Pa-Yangan (Bali). However, recently developed lychee crops on the slopes of Mount Wilis, Madiun (East Java), and began to be planted also in Cianjur (West Java) and Borneo.
Lychee crop development prospects in the scale agribusiness bright enough for agro-ecological conditions and land in Indonesia is allowing for the development of lychee. In addition, the lychee fruit is also in-enjoy doing community and the market opportunity is quite good with a relatively high price level (expensive).
Lychee fruit, contains high enough nutrition with complete composition. Each 100 g of fresh lychees contains 77-87 g of water, 0.8 to 0.9 g protein, 1 g le-mak, 10-20 g sugar, 0.3 mg of iron, 0.05 mg of the fiber, and 40.2 -90 mg of vitamin C. Eating seven points of lychees can meet the needs of vitamin C for the day. Lychee fruit is also efficacious drug, which is to treat cough and asthma. Lychee fruit can be processed further in the manufacturing scale, such as fruit juice flavors of lychee, syrup, and food or canned drinks (canning).