Nutritional Status Measurement, Anthropometric Measurement, Anthropometric Excellence

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Nutritional Status Measurement, Anthropometric Measurement, Anthropometric Excellence

The most frequently used method of measuring nutritional status is nutritional anthropometry

Background

In society, the most frequently used method of measuring nutritional status is nutritional anthropometry. Today in the community nutrition program, monitoring the nutritional status of children under five using the anthropometric method, besides that, screening activities for the nutritional status of the community always use this method. Anthropometry is a method that can be used universally, inexpensively, and non-invasively to measure the size, parts, and composition of the human body. Anthropometry can reflect the health and well-being of individuals and populations, and to predict performance, health, and survival. (Supariasa, 2012).

Anthropometry is important for public health as well as clinically as it can affect the health and social well-being of individuals and populations. Anthropometry applications cover various fields because it can be used to assess growth status, nutritional status and obesity, individual identification, sports, military, engineering and the elderly. Anthropometry comes from the words anthropos and metros. Anthropos means body and metros means size, anthropometry is a measurement of the body. Nutritional anthropometry is a measurement that relates to various body dimensions and body composition of various ages and nutritional levels. Generally, anthropometry is used to measure the nutritional status of various imbalances between protein and energy intake. (Supariasa, 2012)

The practicum of determining nutritional status using anthropometric methods is very important, especially for students, in order to know how to determine nutritional status using anthropometry and what variables are needed. 

  • Destination
  • General purpose 
  • Striving to obtain good quality data in a survey or research.
  • Special purpose

Learn the ability of measuring officers in performing anthropometric measurements (eg weight and height).

Studying the nature of measurement errors, whether systematic or un patterned

Knowing the trend towards systematic errors made by the measuring officer (always greater or always smaller)

Correct errors and improve the measuring officer's ability to take measurements.

Anthropometry 

Anthropometry (body size) is one way to directly assess nutritional status, especially the energy and protein state of a person's body. Thus, anthropometry is an indicator of nutritional status related to the problem of energy and protein deficiency known as PEM. Anthropometry is influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors. Food consumption and health (presence of infection) are environmental factors that affect anthropometry (Aritonang, 2013).

The advantages of anthropometry are that the procedure is simple, safe, and can be performed in a large number of samples. Relatively no need for experts. The tools are inexpensive, easy to carry, durable, can be ordered and made locally. Precise and accurate because it can be standardized, can detect or describe nutritional history in the past, generally can identify moderate, poor and poor nutritional status because there is a clear threshold. Can evaluate changes in nutritional status over a certain period or from one generation to the next. Can be used for screening groups that are vulnerable to nutrition (Istiany et al, 2013).

Anthropometric weaknesses include not being sensitive, meaning that it cannot detect nutritional status in a short time. Factors other than nutrition (disease, genetics and decreased energy use) can reduce the specificity and sensitivity of anthropometric measurements. Errors that occur during measurements can affect the precision, accuracy and validity of anthropometric measurements. This error occurs due to insufficient officer training, tool errors or measurement difficulties (Istiany et al, 2013). 

Compared to other methods, anthropometric measurements are more practical to assess nutritional status (especially PEM) in the community. Body measurements that are usually used to measure physical growth are body weight (BB), height (TB), upper arm circumference (LILA), head circumference (LK), fat thickness under the skin (TL) and knee height measurements. Anthropometric nutritional status assessment is presented in the form of indices such as BB/U, TB/U, PB/U, BB/TB, BMI/U (Aritonang, 2013). 

There are several nutritional status assessments that can be applied, namely (1) screening or screening, is the nutritional status of individuals for the purpose of referral from groups or health centers in relation to an action or intervention, (2) growth monitoring related to extension activities, (3) status assessment nutrition in community groups that can be used to determine the results of a program as material for planning a program (Aritonang, 2013).

Anthropometric Measurement


Anthropometric Measurement

Body Weight (BB)

Body weight describes body mass. Under normal circumstances, BB develops following the development of age (toddlers). Meanwhile, when in abnormal conditions, BB develops more quickly or slowly. Based on these characteristics, the BB/U indicator can only describe the current nutritional status. The procedure for weighing BB is 

(1) should be done in the morning after defecating or on an empty stomach so that the results are accurate,

(2) put the scale on a flat place, 

(3) before weighing the scales should be calibrated first, 

(4) the client is asked to remove footwear, accessories used and wear minimal clothing, 

(5) the client goes up to the scales with a position facing forward, straight view, hands on the right and left and relaxed position and not much movement, (6) record the measurement results (Aritonang, 2013).

Height (TB)

Height is a picture of growth. Under normal circumstances, TB grows with age. The effect of malnutrition on TB will be seen in a very long deficiency. Based on this, the TB/U index can describe past conditions (Aritonang, 2013). The procedure for measuring TB is (1) installing the microtoa on a flat wall and perpendicular to the floor, (2) the microtoa is shifted upwards to exceed the height of the child to be measured, (3) the client stands perpendicular to the wall, (5) head position, back shoulders, buttocks and heels close to the wall, looking straight ahead, (6) reading the numbers on the microtoa with eyes parallel to the numbers indicated on the microtoa line (Aritonang, 2013).

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